More English Fairy Tales, More English Fairy Tales, part 17, sentence 29
A laird who chanced to be riding by, heard the exclamation, but could not understand it; so he rode up and asked the gudewife what was the matter, on which she broke out again--
Who acts: laird, gudewife · What happens: chance, ride by, hear, not understand, ride up, ask · To what, where: exclamation, gudewife, matter · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, More English Fairy Tales, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (laird, gudewife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 laird | det |
| 2 | laird | laird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 chanced | nsubj |
| 4 | chanced | chance | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 laird | acl:relcl |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 riding | mark |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 riding | aux |
| 7 | riding | ride | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 chanced | advcl |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 riding | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 laird | punct |
| 10 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 exclamation | det |
| 12 | exclamation | exclamation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 heard | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 understand | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 understand | cc |
| 15 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 understand | aux |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 understand | advmod |
| 17 | understand | understand | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 10 heard | parataxis |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 understand | obj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 rode | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 rode | advmod |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 rode | nsubj |
| 22 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 heard | parataxis |
| 23 | up | up | ADP | _ | 22 rode | compound:prt |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 asked | cc |
| 25 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 rode | conj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 gudewife | det |
| 27 | gudewife | gudewife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 asked | obj |
| 28 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 31 matter | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 matter | cop |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 matter | det |
| 31 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 asked | ccomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 broke | punct |
| 33 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 which | case |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 broke | obl |
| 35 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 broke | nsubj |
| 36 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 rode | conj |
| 37 | out | out | ADP | _ | 36 broke | compound:prt |
| 38 | again | again | ADV | _ | 36 broke | advmod |
| 39 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 10 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chance | past | a laird | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | ride by | to-infinitive · progressive | a laird not said here | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | hear | past | a laird | the exclamation | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer exclamation=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | not understand | could | exclamation | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | ride up | past | laird | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | ask speech: ask | past | laird not said here | the gudewife | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent gudewife=Recipient | ||||
| 7 | is a | past | the matter | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | break out | past | gudewife | again | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on which=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «More English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 14241 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg14241/31/29/