The Tale of Peter Rabbit, Frederick Warne, sentence 22
Peter gave himself up for lost, and shed big tears; but his sobs were overheard by some friendly sparrows, who flew to him in great excitement, and implored him to exert himself.
Who acts: Peter, friendly sparrows · What happens: give up, lose, shed, overhear, fly, implore · To what, where: Peter, big tears, sobs, great excitement
This is a sentence of «The Tale of Peter Rabbit» by Beatrix Potter, Frederick Warne. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Peter, friendly sparrows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Peter | Peter | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 gave | nsubj |
| 2 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 2 gave | iobj |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 gave | compound:prt |
| 5 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 6 lost | mark |
| 6 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 gave | advcl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 shed | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 shed | cc |
| 9 | shed | shed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 gave | conj |
| 10 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 tears | amod |
| 11 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 shed | obj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 overheard | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 overheard | cc |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 sobs | nmod:poss |
| 15 | sobs | sob | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 overheard | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 overheard | aux:pass |
| 17 | overheard | overhear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 gave | conj |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 sparrows | case |
| 19 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 sparrows | det |
| 20 | friendly | friendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 sparrows | amod |
| 21 | sparrows | sparrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 overheard | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 flew | punct |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 flew | nsubj |
| 24 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 sparrows | acl:relcl |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 him | case |
| 26 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 flew | obl |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 excitement | case |
| 28 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 excitement | amod |
| 29 | excitement | excitement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 flew | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 implored | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 implored | cc |
| 32 | implored | implore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 gave | conj |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 implored | obj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 exert | mark |
| 35 | exert | exert | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 implored | xcomp |
| 36 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 35 exert | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give up | past | Peter | Peter | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Source | ||||
| 2 | lose | participle | Peter not said here | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | shed | past | Peter not said here | big tears | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tear=Source | ||||
| 4 | overhear | past · passive | some friendly sparrows | Peter's sobs | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | fly | past | some friendly sparrows | Peter | great excitement | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in excitement=Location | |||
| 6 | implore | past | Peter not said here | Peter | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 7 | exert | to-infinitive | Peter not said here | Peter | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme | ||||
| 8 | sob | Peter | nom sob «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Tale of Peter Rabbit» by Beatrix Potter, Project Gutenberg book 14838 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg14838/2/22/