Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Snow Queen, part 3, sentence 60
“It must have been terrible,” said little Gerda.
Who acts: prouder, little Gerda · What happens: be, say · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Snow Queen, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prouder, little Gerda), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 terrible | punct |
| 2 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 terrible | nsubj |
| 3 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 terrible | aux |
| 4 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 terrible | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 terrible | cop |
| 6 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 said | ccomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 terrible | punct |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 terrible | punct |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 Gerda | amod |
| 11 | Gerda | Gerda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 said | nsubj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | must · perfect | prouder | terrible property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | little Gerda | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/13/60/