Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, sentence 254
“I have lived to see the most cruel thing that anyone can live to see!” said the shadow.
Who acts: shadow, cruel thing · What happens: live, see, say · To what, where: cruel thing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Shadow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shadow, cruel thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 lived | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 lived | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 lived | aux |
| 4 | lived | live | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 said | ccomp |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 see | mark |
| 6 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 lived | advcl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 thing | det |
| 8 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 9 cruel | advmod |
| 9 | cruel | cruel | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 thing | amod |
| 10 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 see | obj |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 live | nsubj |
| 12 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 14 live | nsubj |
| 13 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 live | aux |
| 14 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 thing | acl:relcl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 see | mark |
| 16 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 live | xcomp |
| 17 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 4 lived | punct |
| 18 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 lived | punct |
| 19 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 shadow | det |
| 21 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 said | obj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live in a quote | present · perfect | the shadow = shadow | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | see in a quote | to-infinitive | the shadow = shadow not said here | the cruel thing | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | live in a quote | can | the cruel thing | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | see in a quote | to-infinitive | the cruel thing not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | say speech: express | past | the shadow | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/23/254/