Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shadow, sentence 261
“It is certainly hard,” said the shadow, “for he was a faithful servant!” and then he gave a sort of sigh.
Who acts: shadow, skull · What happens: be, say, give, sort · To what, where: sort, sigh · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, The Shadow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shadow, skull), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 said | punct |
| 2 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 hard | expl |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hard | cop |
| 4 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 5 hard | advmod |
| 5 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 said | parataxis |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 hard | punct |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 hard | punct |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 shadow | det |
| 10 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 servant | punct |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 servant | punct |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 servant | case |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 servant | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 servant | cop |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 servant | det |
| 17 | faithful | faithful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 servant | amod |
| 18 | servant | servant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | ccomp |
| 19 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 18 servant | punct |
| 20 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 servant | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 gave | cc |
| 22 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 24 gave | advmod |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 gave | nsubj |
| 24 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 said | conj |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 sort | det |
| 26 | sort | sort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 gave | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 sigh | case |
| 28 | sigh | sigh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sort | nmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | certainly, hard property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | say speech: express | past | the shadow | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | is in a quote | past | skull | for a faithful servant | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | give | past | skull | a sort of sigh | then | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sort=Theme | |||
| 5 | sort | sigh | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Andersen's Fairy Tales» by H. C. Andersen, Project Gutenberg book 1597 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg1597/23/261/