Fifty Famous Stories Retold, Sir Walter Raleigh., sentence 42

Sir Walter had seen the Indians smoking the leaves of the to-bac-co plant.

Who acts: Sir, Indians · What happens: see, smoke · To what, where: Indians, leaves

This is a sentence of «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Sir Walter Raleigh.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sir	Sir	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 seen	nsubj
2	Walter	Walter	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Sir	flat
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 seen	aux
4	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Indians	det
6	Indians	Indian	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 seen	obj
7	smoking	smoke	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 Indians	acl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 leaves	det
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 smoking	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	17 plant	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 plant	det
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 bac	case
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 to	punct
14	bac	bac	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 co	compound
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 bac	punct
16	co	co	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 plant	compound
17	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 leaves	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 seen	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	past · perfect	Sir	the Indians					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer indian=Stimulus
2	smoke	gerund	the Indians not said here	the leaves of the co plant					vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent leaf=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Fifty Famous Stories Retold» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 18442 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg18442/20/42/