The Aesop for Children, The Gnat and the Bull, sentence 3
But before he left he begged the Bull's pardon for having used his horn for a resting place.
Who acts: Gnat, Bull · What happens: leave, beg, have, use, pardon · To what, where: pardon, used horn
This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Gnat and the Bull. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gnat, Bull), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 6 begged | cc |
| 2 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 4 left | mark |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 left | nsubj |
| 4 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 begged | advcl |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 begged | nsubj |
| 6 | begged | beg | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Bull | det |
| 8 | Bull | Bull | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 pardon | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 Bull | case |
| 10 | pardon | pardon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 begged | obj |
| 11 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 12 having | mark |
| 12 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 begged | advcl |
| 13 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 horn | amod |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 horn | nmod:poss |
| 15 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 having | obj |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 place | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 place | det |
| 18 | resting | resting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 place | compound |
| 19 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 having | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 begged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | past | Gnat | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | beg speech: request | past | Gnat | the Bull's pardon | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent pardon=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | have | gerund | Gnat not said here | Gnat's used horn | for a resting place | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient | |||
| 4 | use | participle | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | pardon | the Bull | nom pardon «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg19994/21/3/