The Aesop for Children, The Farmer and the Cranes, sentence 9
He expected to scare the Cranes just by swinging the sling in the air, and shouting loudly at them.
Who acts: farmer · What happens: expect, scare, swing, shout · To what, where: Cranes, sling, air
This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Farmer and the Cranes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farmer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 expected | nsubj |
| 2 | expected | expect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 scare | mark |
| 4 | scare | scare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 expected | xcomp |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Cranes | det |
| 6 | Cranes | Crane | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 scare | obj |
| 7 | just | just | ADV | _ | 9 swinging | advmod |
| 8 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 9 swinging | mark |
| 9 | swinging | swing | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 scare | advcl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 sling | det |
| 11 | sling | sling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 swinging | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 air | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 air | det |
| 14 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 swinging | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 shouting | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 shouting | cc |
| 17 | shouting | shout | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 expected | advcl |
| 18 | loudly | loudly | ADV | _ | 17 shouting | advmod |
| 19 | at | at | ADP | _ | 20 them | case |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 shouting | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 expected | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | expect | past | farmer | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | scare not said to happen | to-infinitive | farmer not said here | the Cranes | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus crane=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | swing | gerund | farmer not said here | the sling | the air | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent sling=Theme in air=Location | |||
| 4 | shout speech: express | gerund | farmer not said here | at Cranes = crane; loudly property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg19994/79/9/