The Aesop for Children, The Farmer and His Sons, sentence 2
"My sons," he said, "heed what I have to say to you.
Who acts: sons · What happens: say, have · To what, where: heed, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, The Farmer and His Sons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 sons | punct |
| 2 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 sons | nmod:poss |
| 3 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 said | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 sons | punct |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 sons | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 heed | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 heed | punct |
| 10 | heed | heed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | obl |
| 11 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 13 have | obj |
| 12 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 have | nsubj |
| 13 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | ccomp |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 say | mark |
| 15 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 have | xcomp |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 you | case |
| 17 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 15 say | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | My sons | heed | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | have in a quote | present | My sons = son | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert in a quote | to-infinitive | My sons = son not said here | you | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to you=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Aesop for Children» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 19994 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg19994/80/2/