Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Literally Translated From the Greek, sentence 68
Planudes may have invented some few fables, or have inserted some that were current in his day; but there is an abundance of unanswerable internal evidence to prove that he had an acquaintance with the veritable fables of Æsop, although the versions he had access to were probably corrupt, as contained in the various translations and disquisitional exercises of the rhetoricians and philosophers.
Who acts: some, abundance, versions · What happens: invent, insert, be, prove, have, access · To what, where: Planudes, acquaintance, versions, various translations, rhetoricians
This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Literally Translated From the Greek. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (some, abundance, versions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Planudes | planude | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 invented | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 invented | aux |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 4 invented | aux |
| 4 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 fables | det |
| 6 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 fables | amod |
| 7 | fables | fable | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 invented | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 inserted | punct |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 inserted | cc |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 inserted | aux |
| 11 | inserted | insert | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 invented | conj |
| 12 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 15 current | nsubj |
| 13 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 current | nsubj |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 current | cop |
| 15 | current | current | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 inserted | ccomp |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 day | case |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 day | nmod:poss |
| 18 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 current | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 is | punct |
| 20 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 is | cc |
| 21 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 22 is | expl |
| 22 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 invented | parataxis |
| 23 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 abundance | det |
| 24 | abundance | abundance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 is | nsubj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 evidence | case |
| 26 | unanswerable | unanswerable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 evidence | amod |
| 27 | internal | internal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 evidence | amod |
| 28 | evidence | evidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 abundance | nmod |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 prove | mark |
| 30 | prove | prove | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 evidence | acl |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 33 had | mark |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 had | nsubj |
| 33 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 prove | ccomp |
| 34 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 acquaintance | det |
| 35 | acquaintance | acquaintance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 had | obj |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 39 fables | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 fables | det |
| 38 | veritable | veritable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 fables | amod |
| 39 | fables | fable | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 acquaintance | nmod |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 Æsop | case |
| 41 | Æsop | Æsop | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 fables | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 corrupt | punct |
| 43 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 52 corrupt | mark |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 versions | det |
| 45 | versions | version | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 corrupt | nsubj |
| 46 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 access | nsubj |
| 47 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 access | aux |
| 48 | access | access | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 45 versions | acl:relcl |
| 49 | to | to | ADP | _ | 48 access | obl |
| 50 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 corrupt | cop |
| 51 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 52 corrupt | advmod |
| 52 | corrupt | corrupt | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 had | parataxis |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 contained | punct |
| 54 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 55 contained | mark |
| 55 | contained | contain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 52 corrupt | conj |
| 56 | in | in | ADP | _ | 59 translations | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 translations | det |
| 58 | various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 translations | amod |
| 59 | translations | translation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 contained | obl |
| 60 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 exercises | cc |
| 61 | disquisitional | disquisitional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 exercises | amod |
| 62 | exercises | exercise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 translations | conj |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 65 rhetoricians | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 rhetoricians | det |
| 65 | rhetoricians | rhetorician | NOUN | Number=Plur | 62 exercises | nmod |
| 66 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 philosophers | cc |
| 67 | philosophers | philosopher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 rhetoricians | conj |
| 68 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 invented | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invent | may · perfect · passive | Planudes | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | insert | present · perfect | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | is | past | some | day | current property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | be | present | a abundance of unanswerable internal evidence | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | prove | to-infinitive | a abundance of unanswerable internal evidence not said here | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | have | past | abundance | a acquaintance | with the veritable fables of Æsop | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent acquaintance=Patient | |||
| 7 | access | past · perfect | abundance | the versions not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | is | past | the versions | corrupt, probably property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | contain | participle | the versions not said here | the various translations and disquisitional exercises of the rhetoricians and philosophers | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in translation=Location | ||||
| 10 | exercise | the rhetoricians and philosophers | nom exercise «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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