Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 8, sentence 64
The travelers turned towards the sound and wondered what it foreboded, when one of them said to his companion, “Let us proceed on our journey, my friend, for it is only the caw of a crow, and her cry, you know, is no omen.”
Who acts: travelers, sound, one, us, companion, cry · What happens: turn, wonder, forebode, say, let, proceed · To what, where: companion, us, journey, cry, omen · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (travelers, sound, one, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 travelers | det |
| 2 | travelers | traveler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 turned | nsubj |
| 3 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 6 sound | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 sound | det |
| 6 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turned | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 wondered | cc |
| 8 | wondered | wonder | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 turned | conj |
| 9 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 11 foreboded | obj |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 foreboded | nsubj |
| 11 | foreboded | forebode | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 wondered | ccomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 said | punct |
| 13 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 said | advmod |
| 14 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 said | nsubj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 them | case |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 one | nmod |
| 17 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 turned | conj |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 companion | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 companion | nmod:poss |
| 20 | companion | companion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 said | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Let | punct |
| 22 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 Let | punct |
| 23 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 said | ccomp |
| 24 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 Let | obj |
| 25 | proceed | proceed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 Let | xcomp |
| 26 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 journey | case |
| 27 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 journey | nmod:poss |
| 28 | journey | journey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 proceed | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 friend | punct |
| 30 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 friend | nmod:poss |
| 31 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Let | vocative |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 caw | punct |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 caw | case |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 caw | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 caw | cop |
| 36 | only | only | ADV | _ | 38 caw | advmod |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 caw | det |
| 38 | caw | caw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Let | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 crow | case |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 crow | det |
| 41 | crow | crow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 caw | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 omen | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 omen | cc |
| 44 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 cry | nmod:poss |
| 45 | cry | cry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 omen | nsubj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 know | punct |
| 47 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 48 know | nsubj |
| 48 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 cry | acl:relcl |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 cry | punct |
| 50 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 omen | cop |
| 51 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 52 omen | det |
| 52 | omen | omen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 turned | parataxis |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 52 omen | punct |
| 54 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 52 omen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | past | the travelers | towards the sound | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | wonder speech: ask | past | the travelers not said here | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | forebode | past | sound | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Topic | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | one of travelers | MAN's companion | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to companion=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | let in a quote | infinitive | us | my friend vocative | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | proceed in a quote | infinitive | us not said here | our journey | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | is in a quote | present | sound | for the caw; of a crow | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | know in a quote | present | MAN's companion = companion | friend's cry not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer cry=Stimulus | ||||
| 9 | is a in a quote | present | friend's cry | no omen | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | journey in a quote | our | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 11 | cry in a quote | friend | nom cry «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/10/64/