Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 9, sentence 68
The Gnat, having sounded his horn, fastened himself upon the Lion and stung him on the nostrils and the parts of the face devoid of hair.
Who acts: Gnat · What happens: have, sound, fasten, sting · To what, where: horn, Lion
This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gnat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Gnat | det |
| 2 | Gnat | Gnat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 sounded | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Gnat | punct |
| 4 | having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 sounded | nsubj |
| 5 | sounded | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 horn | nmod:poss |
| 7 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sounded | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 fastened | punct |
| 9 | fastened | fasten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 sounded | conj |
| 10 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 9 fastened | obj |
| 11 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 13 Lion | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Lion | det |
| 13 | Lion | Lion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 fastened | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 stung | cc |
| 15 | stung | sting | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 sounded | conj |
| 16 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 stung | obj |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 nostrils | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 nostrils | det |
| 19 | nostrils | nostril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 stung | obl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 parts | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 parts | det |
| 22 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 nostrils | conj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 face | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 face | det |
| 25 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 parts | nmod |
| 26 | devoid | devoid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 face | amod |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 hair | case |
| 28 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 devoid | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 sounded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | gerund | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | sound | past | the Gnat | Lion's horn | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location horn=Theme | ||||
| 3 | fasten | past | the Gnat not said here | Lion | upon the Lion | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient | |||
| 4 | sting | past | the Gnat not said here | Lion | on the nostrils and the parts of the face | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Experiencer on nostril=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/11/68/