Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 11, sentence 117
ROAMING BY the mountainside at sundown, a Wolf saw his own shadow become greatly extended and magnified, and he said to himself, “Why should I, being of such an immense size and extending nearly an acre in length, be afraid of the Lion?
Who acts: Wolf, own shadow, shadow, lion · What happens: roam, see, become, magnify, say, be · To what, where: sundown, lion, acre, length · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wolf, own shadow, shadow, lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ROAMING | roam | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 saw | advcl |
| 2 | BY | by | ADP | _ | 4 mountainside | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 mountainside | det |
| 4 | mountainside | mountainside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 ROAMING | obl |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 sundown | case |
| 6 | sundown | sundown | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 ROAMING | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 ROAMING | punct |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 Wolf | det |
| 9 | Wolf | Wolf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 saw | nsubj |
| 10 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 shadow | nmod:poss |
| 12 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 shadow | amod |
| 13 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 become | nsubj |
| 14 | become | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 saw | ccomp |
| 15 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 16 extended | advmod |
| 16 | extended | extended | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 become | xcomp |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 magnified | cc |
| 18 | magnified | magnify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 extended | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 said | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 said | cc |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 said | nsubj |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 saw | conj |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 himself | case |
| 24 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 22 said | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 should | punct |
| 26 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 should | punct |
| 27 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 28 should | advmod |
| 28 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 said | ccomp |
| 29 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 should | nsubj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 size | punct |
| 31 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 size | cop |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 size | case |
| 33 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 36 size | det:predet |
| 34 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 size | det |
| 35 | immense | immense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 size | amod |
| 36 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 said | parataxis |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 extending | cc |
| 38 | extending | extend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 size | conj |
| 39 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 41 acre | advmod |
| 40 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 acre | det |
| 41 | acre | acre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 extending | obj |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 length | case |
| 43 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 acre | nmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 afraid | punct |
| 45 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 46 afraid | cop |
| 46 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 said | advcl |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 Lion | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 Lion | det |
| 49 | Lion | Lion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 afraid | obl |
| 50 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 10 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | roam | gerund | a Wolf not said here | sundown | by the mountainside | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by mountainside=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | see | past | a Wolf | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | become | present | lion's own shadow | extended property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | magnify | participle | lion's own shadow not said here | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | say speech: ask | past | shadow | lion | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | is in a quote | gerund | of such immense size | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | extend in a quote | gerund | a acre | length | vn body_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent acre=Theme | ||||
| 8 | is in a quote | infinitive | shadow not said here | of the Lion; afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | shadow | lion | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/13/117/