Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 12, sentence 3
One day he happened to see a Swallow, which had appeared before its season, skimming along a pool and twittering gaily.
Who acts: he, Swallow · What happens: happen, see, appear, skim, twitter · To what, where: Swallow
This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (he, Swallow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 day | nummod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 happened | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 happened | nsubj |
| 4 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 see | mark |
| 6 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 happened | xcomp |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 Swallow | det |
| 8 | Swallow | swallow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 see | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 appeared | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 appeared | nsubj |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 appeared | aux |
| 12 | appeared | appear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 Swallow | acl:relcl |
| 13 | before | before | ADP | _ | 15 season | case |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 season | nmod:poss |
| 15 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 appeared | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 skimming | punct |
| 17 | skimming | skim | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 appeared | advcl |
| 18 | along | along | ADP | _ | 20 pool | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 pool | det |
| 20 | pool | pool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 skimming | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 twittering | cc |
| 22 | twittering | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 skimming | conj | |
| 23 | gaily | gaily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 twittering | xcomp |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 happened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | past | he | day | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | see | to-infinitive | he not said here | a Swallow | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer swallow=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | appear | past · perfect | a Swallow | season | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | skim | gerund | a Swallow not said here | along a pool | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | gerund | a Swallow not said here | gaily property | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/14/3/