Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 12, sentence 45
On being asked how, in so short a time, he could have made a trial of him, he answered, “I do not need a trial; I know that he will be just the same as the one he chose for his companion.”
Who acts: Ass, I · What happens: ask, make, answer, not need, know, be · To what, where: trial, one, Purchaser · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ass, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | SCONJ | _ | 3 asked | mark |
| 2 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 asked | aux:pass |
| 3 | asked | ask | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 asked | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 short | punct |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 short | case |
| 7 | so | so | ADV | _ | 8 short | advmod |
| 8 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 asked | parataxis |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 time | det |
| 10 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 short | obl:unmarked |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 asked | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 made | nsubj |
| 13 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | aux |
| 14 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 made | aux |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 asked | ccomp |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 trial | det |
| 17 | trial | trial | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 him | case |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 trial | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 answered | punct |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 answered | nsubj |
| 22 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | parataxis |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 need | punct |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 need | punct |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 need | nsubj |
| 26 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 need | aux |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 need | advmod |
| 28 | need | need | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 answered | ccomp |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 trial | det |
| 30 | trial | trial | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 need | obj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 know | punct |
| 32 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 33 know | nsubj |
| 33 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 asked | parataxis |
| 34 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 40 same | mark |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 same | nsubj |
| 36 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 same | aux |
| 37 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 40 same | cop |
| 38 | just | just | ADV | _ | 40 same | advmod |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 same | det |
| 40 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 know | ccomp |
| 41 | as | as | ADP | _ | 43 one | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 one | det |
| 43 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 same | obl |
| 44 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 chose | nsubj |
| 45 | chose | choose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 one | acl:relcl |
| 46 | for | for | ADP | _ | 48 companion | case |
| 47 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 companion | nmod:poss |
| 48 | companion | companion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 chose | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 33 know | punct |
| 50 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | gerund · passive | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: clause=Topic | ||||||
| 2 | make | could · perfect | Ass | a trial of Purchaser | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trial=Product | ||||
| 3 | answer speech: assert | past | Ass | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | not need in a quote | present · do-support | I | a trial | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot trial=Theme | ||||
| 5 | know in a quote | present | I | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | is in a quote | future | Ass | as the one; same property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | choose in a quote | past | Ass | the one not said here | for Ass's companion | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent one=Theme for companion=Beneficiary | |||
| 8 | try | Purchaser | nom trial «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/14/45/