Three hundred Aesop’s fables, Aesop’s Fables, part 14, sentence 90
Next the Countryman commenced, and pretending that he concealed a little pig beneath his clothes (which in truth he did, but not suspected by the audience ) contrived to take hold of and to pull his ear causing the pig to squeak.
Who acts: Countryman · What happens: commence, pretend, conceal, do, not suspect, contrive · To what, where: little pig, clothes, truth, hold, ear, pig
This is a sentence of «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Aesop’s Fables, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Countryman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Next | next | ADP | _ | 4 commenced | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Countryman | det |
| 3 | Countryman | Countryman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 commenced | nsubj |
| 4 | commenced | commence | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 contrived | advcl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 pretending | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 pretending | cc |
| 7 | pretending | pretend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 commenced | advcl |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 concealed | mark |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 concealed | nsubj |
| 10 | concealed | conceal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 pretending | ccomp |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 pig | det |
| 12 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 pig | amod |
| 13 | pig | pig | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 concealed | obj |
| 14 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 16 clothes | case |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 clothes | nmod:poss |
| 16 | clothes | clothes | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 10 concealed | obl |
| 17 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 did | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 did | obj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 truth | case |
| 20 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 did | obl |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 did | nsubj |
| 22 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 clothes | acl:relcl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 suspected | punct |
| 24 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 suspected | cc |
| 25 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 suspected | advmod |
| 26 | suspected | suspect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 contrived | parataxis |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 audience | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 audience | det |
| 29 | audience | audience | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 suspected | obl |
| 30 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 26 suspected | punct |
| 31 | contrived | contrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 take | mark |
| 33 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 contrived | xcomp |
| 34 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 take | obj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 hold | fixed |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 pull | cc |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 pull | mark |
| 38 | pull | pull | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 take | conj |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 ear | nmod:poss |
| 40 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 pull | obj |
| 41 | causing | cause | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 pull | advcl |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 pig | det |
| 43 | pig | pig | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 causing | obj |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 45 squeak | mark |
| 45 | squeak | squeak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 pig | acl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 31 contrived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | commence | past | the Countryman | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | pretend | gerund | the Countryman not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | conceal | past | Countryman | a little pig | Countryman's clothes | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent pig=Patient beneath clothes=Location | |||
| 4 | do | past | Countryman | Countryman's clothes | truth | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Eventuality | |||
| 5 | not suspect | participle | by the audience | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | contrive | past | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | take | to-infinitive | hold | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Theme | |||||
| 8 | pull | to-infinitive | Countryman's ear | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Theme | |||||
| 9 | cause | gerund | the pig | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pig=Patient | |||||
| 10 | squeak | to-infinitive | the pig not said here | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Three hundred Aesop’s fables» by Aesop, Project Gutenberg book 21 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg21/16/90/