Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 1, sentence 48
And at night we see the homely dwellings of the villagers assume a picturesque aspect to which they are strangers by the tell-tale light of day, their rough lines softened by the mellow splendor of a summer moon, or their unshapely forms looming forth mysteriously against the starlit snow of winter.
Who acts: we, homely dwellings, picturesque aspect, unshapely forms, villagers, winter · What happens: see, assume, be, soften, loom, light · To what, where: picturesque aspect, strangers, rough lines, starlit snow, day · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, homely dwellings, picturesque aspect, unshapely forms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 see | cc |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 3 night | case |
| 3 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 see | obl |
| 4 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 see | nsubj |
| 5 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 dwellings | det |
| 7 | homely | homely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 dwellings | amod |
| 8 | dwellings | dwelling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 assume | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 villagers | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 villagers | det |
| 11 | villagers | villager | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 dwellings | nmod |
| 12 | assume | assume | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 see | ccomp |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 aspect | det |
| 14 | picturesque | picturesque | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 aspect | amod |
| 15 | aspect | aspect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 assume | obj |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 which | case |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 strangers | nsubj |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 strangers | nsubj |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 strangers | cop |
| 20 | strangers | stranger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 aspect | acl:relcl |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 light | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 light | det |
| 23 | tell | tell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 tale | compound |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 tell | punct |
| 25 | tale | tale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 light | compound |
| 26 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 strangers | nmod |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 day | case |
| 28 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 light | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 lines | punct |
| 30 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 lines | nmod:poss |
| 31 | rough | rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 lines | amod |
| 32 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 light | conj |
| 33 | softened | soften | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 lines | acl |
| 34 | by | by | ADP | _ | 37 splendor | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 splendor | det |
| 36 | mellow | mellow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 splendor | amod |
| 37 | splendor | splendor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 softened | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 moon | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 moon | det |
| 40 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 moon | compound |
| 41 | moon | moon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 splendor | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 forms | punct |
| 43 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 46 forms | cc |
| 44 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 forms | nmod:poss |
| 45 | unshapely | unshapely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 forms | amod |
| 46 | forms | form | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 light | conj |
| 47 | looming | loom | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 46 forms | acl |
| 48 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 47 looming | advmod |
| 49 | mysteriously | mysteriously | ADV | _ | 47 looming | advmod |
| 50 | against | against | ADP | _ | 53 snow | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 snow | det |
| 52 | starlit | starlit | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 snow | amod |
| 53 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 looming | obl |
| 54 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 winter | case |
| 55 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 snow | nmod |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present | we | night | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | assume | present | the homely dwellings of the villagers | a picturesque aspect | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aspect=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | a picturesque aspect | strangers | by the tale light of day and villagers's rough lines or villagers's unshapely forms | tree rules | |||
| 4 | soften | participle | villagers's rough lines not said here | by the mellow splendor of a summer moon | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | loom | gerund | villagers's unshapely forms not said here | the starlit snow of winter | forth, mysteriously property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against snow=Location | |||
| 6 | light | day | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | form | villagers = villager | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 8 | snow | winter | nom snow «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/11/48/