Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 3, sentence 158
The Russian merchant had nothing to turn to--he was left as poor as a rat.
Who acts: Russian merchant · What happens: have, turn, leave · To what, where: nothing, Russian
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter I. INTRODUCTORY, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Russian merchant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 merchant | det |
| 2 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 merchant | amod |
| 3 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 had | nsubj |
| 4 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 4 had | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 turn | mark |
| 7 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 nothing | acl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 turn | obl |
| 9 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 12 left | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 left | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 left | aux:pass |
| 12 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 had | conj |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 14 poor | case |
| 14 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 left | obl |
| 15 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 rat | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 rat | det |
| 17 | rat | rat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 left | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the Russian merchant | nothing | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | ||||
| 2 | turn | to-infinitive | the Russian merchant not said here | nothing not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | leave | past · passive | Russian | as poor; as a rat | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/13/158/