Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 2, sentence 75
Then he laughed at them for being such cowards, and said:
Who acts: NORKA · What happens: laugh, be, say · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (NORKA), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 laughed | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 laughed | nsubj |
| 3 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 them | case |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 laughed | obl |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 cowards | case |
| 7 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 cowards | cop |
| 8 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 cowards | amod |
| 9 | cowards | coward | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 laughed | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 said | cc |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 laughed | parataxis |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | laugh | past | NORKA | then | at brothers = brother | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | is | gerund | for such cowards | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/20/75/