Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 3, sentence 116
Suddenly the sky was covered by a black cloud; a terrible storm arose.
Who acts: black cloud, terrible storm · What happens: cover, arise · To what, where: sky
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (black cloud, terrible storm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 5 covered | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 sky | det |
| 3 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 covered | aux:pass |
| 5 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 cloud | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 cloud | det |
| 8 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 cloud | amod |
| 9 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 covered | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 arose | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 storm | det |
| 12 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 storm | amod |
| 13 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 arose | nsubj |
| 14 | arose | arise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 covered | conj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 covered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cover | past · passive | a black cloud | the sky | suddenly property | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Destination | |||
| 2 | arise | past | a terrible storm | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/21/116/