Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 8, sentence 109
"Above us," he says, "is the sky, below us the earth."
Who acts: King · What happens: say, be · To what, where: sky · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 says | punct |
| 2 | Above | above | ADP | _ | 3 us | case |
| 3 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 says | ccomp |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 us | punct |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 says | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 says | nsubj |
| 7 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 sky | parataxis |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 says | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 says | punct |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 sky | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 sky | det |
| 12 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 us | punct |
| 14 | below | below | ADP | _ | 15 us | case |
| 15 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 12 sky | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 earth | det |
| 17 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 us | nmod:unmarked |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 sky | punct |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 sky | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | King | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | the sky | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/26/109/