Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 15, sentence 119
Buslaef remarks in his "Influence of Christianity on Slavonic Language," p. 103, that one of the Gothic words used by Ulfilas to express the Greek +daimonion+ is _skohsl_, which "is purely Slavonic, being preserved in the Czekh _kauzlo_, sorcery; in the Lower-Lusatian-Wendish, _kostlar_ means a sorcerer.
Who acts: Buslaef, one, skohsl, kostlar _ · What happens: remark, use, express, be, preserve, mean · To what, where: Influence, Gothic words, Greek daimonion, skohsl, Slavonic, Czekh · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buslaef, one, skohsl, kostlar _), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Buslaef | Buslaef | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 remarks | nsubj |
| 2 | remarks | remark | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Influence | case |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 Influence | nmod:poss |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 Influence | punct |
| 6 | Influence | influence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 remarks | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Christianity | case |
| 8 | Christianity | Christianity | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Influence | nmod |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 Language | case |
| 10 | Slavonic | Slavonic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Language | compound |
| 11 | Language | Language | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Influence | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Language | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Language | punct |
| 14 | p. | P. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 103 | nmod:unmarked |
| 15 | 103 | 103 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 Language | appos |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 one | punct |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 one | mark |
| 18 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 skohsl | nsubj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 words | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 words | det |
| 21 | Gothic | gothic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 words | amod |
| 22 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 one | nmod |
| 23 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 words | acl |
| 24 | by | by | ADP | _ | 25 Ulfilas | case |
| 25 | Ulfilas | ulfila | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 used | obl |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 express | mark |
| 27 | express | express | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 used | advcl |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 daimonion | det |
| 29 | Greek | Greek | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 daimonion | amod |
| 30 | + | + | SYM | _ | 31 daimonion | cc |
| 31 | daimonion | daimonion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 express | obj |
| 32 | + | + | SYM | _ | 18 one | conj |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 skohsl | cop |
| 34 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 35 skohsl | punct |
| 35 | skohsl | skohsl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 remarks | parataxis |
| 36 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 35 skohsl | punct |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 Slavonic | punct |
| 38 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 Slavonic | nsubj |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 Slavonic | punct |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 Slavonic | cop |
| 41 | purely | purely | ADV | _ | 42 Slavonic | advmod |
| 42 | Slavonic | Slavonic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 skohsl | appos |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 preserved | punct |
| 44 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 45 preserved | aux:pass |
| 45 | preserved | preserve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 Slavonic | acl |
| 46 | in | in | ADP | _ | 48 Czekh | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 Czekh | det |
| 48 | Czekh | Czekh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 preserved | obl |
| 49 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 50 kauzlo | punct |
| 50 | kauzlo | kauzlo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 Czekh | conj |
| 51 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 48 Czekh | punct |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 sorcery | punct |
| 53 | sorcery | sorcery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 Czekh | conj |
| 54 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 66 means | punct |
| 55 | in | in | ADP | _ | 61 Wendish | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 Wendish | det |
| 57 | Lower | Lower | PROPN | Number=Sing | 61 Wendish | compound |
| 58 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 59 Lusatian | punct |
| 59 | Lusatian | Lusatian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 57 Lower | conj |
| 60 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 61 Wendish | punct |
| 61 | Wendish | Wendish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 66 means | obl |
| 62 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 Wendish | punct |
| 63 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 65 _ | punct |
| 64 | kostlar | kostlar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 65 _ | amod |
| 65 | _ | _ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 means | nsubj |
| 66 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 remarks | parataxis |
| 67 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 68 sorcerer | det |
| 68 | sorcerer | sorcerer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 means | obj |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 remarks | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | remark speech: assert | present | Buslaef | Buslaef's Influence of Christianity on Slavonic Language | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | use | participle | the Gothic words not said here | by Ulfilas | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | express | to-infinitive | the Greek daimonion | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daimonion=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | one of the Gothic words | skohsl | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is a in a quote | present | skohsl | Slavonic | purely property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | preserve in a quote | gerund · passive | Slavonic not said here | the Czekh and kauzlo and sorcery | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING» | ||||
| 7 | mean in a quote | present | kostlar _ | a sorcerer | in the Lower Wendish | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot sorcerer=Theme in wendish=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/33/119/