Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 16, sentence 53

[150] It has already been observed that the word _chudo_, which now means a marvel or prodigy, formerly meant a giant.

Who acts: word, marvel · What happens: observe, mean · To what, where: wolf, marvel, giant

This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter II. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word, marvel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	[	[	PUNCT	_	2 150	punct
2	150	150	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 observed	obl
3	]	]	PUNCT	_	2 150	punct
4	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 observed	nsubj:pass
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 observed	aux
6	already	already	ADV	_	8 observed	advmod
7	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 observed	aux:pass
8	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 word	mark
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 word	det
11	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 observed	obl
12	_	_	PUNCT	_	13 chudo	punct
13	chudo	chudo	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 word	appos
14	_	_	PUNCT	_	11 word	punct
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 means	punct
16	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 means	nsubj
17	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	18 means	advmod
18	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 word	parataxis
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 marvel	det
20	marvel	marvel	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 means	obj
21	or	or	CCONJ	_	22 prodigy	cc
22	prodigy	prodigy	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 marvel	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 meant	punct
24	formerly	formerly	ADV	_	25 meant	advmod
25	meant	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 marvel	acl
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 giant	det
27	giant	giant	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 meant	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 observed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	observe	present · perfect · passive		wolf		150 obl; the word obl	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
2	mean	present	the word	a marvel or prodigy	now		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marvel=Topic
3	mean	past	a marvel or prodigy not said here	a giant		formerly property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent giant=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/34/53/