Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter III. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 4, sentence 126

The poor things had to endure cold and hunger.

Who acts: poor things · What happens: have, endure · To what, where: cold

This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter III. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 things	det
2	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 things	amod
3	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 had	nsubj
4	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 endure	mark
6	endure	endure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 had	xcomp
7	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 endure	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 hunger	cc
9	hunger	hunger	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cold	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 had	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the poor things						tree rules
2	endure	to-infinitive	the poor things not said here	cold and hunger					vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cold=Circumstance

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/38/126/