Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter III. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 5, sentence 99
The girl was by this time numb with cold, and she could scarcely make herself heard as she replied:--
Who acts: girl · What happens: be, make, hear, reply · To what, where: girl
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter III. MYTHOLOGICAL, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 girl | det |
| 2 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 numb | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 numb | cop |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 time | case |
| 5 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 time | det |
| 6 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 numb | obl |
| 7 | numb | numb | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 cold | case |
| 9 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 numb | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 make | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 make | cc |
| 12 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 make | nsubj |
| 13 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 make | aux |
| 14 | scarcely | scarcely | ADV | _ | 15 make | advmod |
| 15 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 numb | conj |
| 16 | herself | herself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 15 make | obj |
| 17 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 make | xcomp |
| 18 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 20 replied | mark |
| 19 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 replied | nsubj |
| 20 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 heard | advcl |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 numb | punct |
| 22 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 7 numb | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the girl | time | with cold; numb property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | make | could | girl | girl | scarcely property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | hear | participle | girl not said here | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | reply speech: assert | past | girl | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/39/99/