Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Ghost Stories., part 1, sentence 16
Again the old man took his hatchet and cut a hole in the ceiling above the cabbage.
Who acts: old man · What happens: take, cut · To what, where: hatchet, hole, ceiling
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Ghost Stories., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Again | again | ADV | _ | 5 took | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 man | det |
| 3 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 man | amod |
| 4 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 took | nsubj |
| 5 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 hatchet | nmod:poss |
| 7 | hatchet | hatchet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 took | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 cut | cc |
| 9 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 took | conj |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 hole | det |
| 11 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cut | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 ceiling | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 ceiling | det |
| 14 | ceiling | ceiling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hole | nmod |
| 15 | above | above | ADP | _ | 17 cabbage | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 cabbage | det |
| 17 | cabbage | cabbage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 ceiling | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the old man | man's hatchet | again | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hatchet=Theme | |||
| 2 | cut | past | the old man not said here | a hole | the ceiling above the cabbage | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hole=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/51/16/