Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Ghost Stories., part 2, sentence 132

All around were graves, and the rider found he had a gravestone under him!

Who acts: graves, rider · What happens: be, find, have · To what, where: graves, gravestone · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Ghost Stories., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (graves, rider), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	ADV	_	2 around	advmod
2	around	around	ADV	_	4 graves	advmod
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 graves	cop
4	graves	grave	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 found	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 found	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 found	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 rider	det
8	rider	rider	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 found	nsubj
9	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 had	nsubj
11	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 found	ccomp
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 gravestone	det
13	gravestone	gravestone	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 had	obj
14	under	under	ADP	_	15 him	case
15	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 had	obl
16	!	!	PUNCT	_	9 found	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	past		graves	around property	tree rules
2	find	past	graves			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	have	past	rider	a gravestone	under man	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gravestone=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/52/132/