Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 1, sentence 11
Among the legends borrowed from the apocryphal books and similar writings, many of which are said to be still carefully preserved among the "Schismatics," concealed in hiding-places of which the secret is handed down from father to son--as was once the case with the Hussite books among the Bohemians--there are many which relate to the creation of the world and the early history of man.
What happens: borrow, say, preserve, conceal, hand down, be · To what, where: legends, apocryphal books, many, hiding places, secret, son · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Among | among | ADP | _ | 3 legends | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 legends | det |
| 3 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 61 many | obl |
| 4 | borrowed | borrow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 legends | acl |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 books | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 books | det |
| 7 | apocryphal | apocryphal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 books | compound |
| 8 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 borrowed | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 writings | cc |
| 10 | similar | similar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 writings | amod |
| 11 | writings | writing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 books | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 said | punct |
| 13 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 said | nsubj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 which | case |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 many | nmod |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 said | aux:pass |
| 17 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 legends | acl |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 preserved | mark |
| 19 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 22 preserved | aux:pass |
| 20 | still | still | ADV | _ | 22 preserved | advmod |
| 21 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 22 preserved | advmod |
| 22 | preserved | preserve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 said | ccomp |
| 23 | among | among | ADP | _ | 26 Schismatics | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Schismatics | det |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 Schismatics | punct |
| 26 | Schismatics | Schismatic | PROPN | Number=Plur | 22 preserved | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 concealed | punct |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 concealed | punct |
| 29 | concealed | conceal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 preserved | conj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 places | case |
| 31 | hiding | hiding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 places | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 hiding | punct |
| 33 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 concealed | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 which | case |
| 35 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 handed | obl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 secret | det |
| 37 | secret | secret | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 handed | nsubj:pass |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 handed | aux:pass |
| 39 | handed | hand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 places | acl:relcl |
| 40 | down | down | ADP | _ | 39 handed | compound:prt |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 42 father | case |
| 42 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 handed | obl |
| 43 | to | to | ADP | _ | 44 son | case |
| 44 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 handed | obl |
| 45 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 50 case | punct |
| 46 | as | as | ADP | _ | 50 case | case |
| 47 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 case | cop |
| 48 | once | once | SCONJ | _ | 50 case | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 case | det |
| 50 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 concealed | obl |
| 51 | with | with | ADP | _ | 54 books | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 books | det |
| 53 | Hussite | hussite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 books | compound |
| 54 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 case | nmod |
| 55 | among | among | ADP | _ | 57 Bohemians | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 Bohemians | det |
| 57 | Bohemians | Bohemian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 54 books | nmod |
| 58 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 3 legends | punct |
| 59 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 60 are | expl |
| 60 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 61 many | cop |
| 61 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 62 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 63 relate | nsubj |
| 63 | relate | relate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 61 many | acl:relcl |
| 64 | to | to | ADP | _ | 66 creation | case |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 creation | det |
| 66 | creation | creation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 relate | obl |
| 67 | of | of | ADP | _ | 69 world | case |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 world | det |
| 69 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 creation | nmod |
| 70 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 73 history | cc |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 history | det |
| 72 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 73 history | amod |
| 73 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 creation | conj |
| 74 | of | of | ADP | _ | 75 man | case |
| 75 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 history | nmod |
| 76 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 61 many | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | borrow | participle | the legends not said here | the apocryphal books and similar writings | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from book=Source | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present · passive | many | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | preserve | to-infinitive · passive | still | among the Schismatics; carefully property | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING» | ||||
| 4 | conceal | participle | hiding places | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in place=Location | |||||
| 5 | hand down | present · passive | the secret | son | of hiding places; from father | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme of which=Initial_Location to son=Destination | |||
| 6 | is | past | as the case; with the Hussite books among the Bohemians | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | is | present | among the legends; many property | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | relate | present | to the creation of the world and the early history of man | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to creation=Co-Theme | |||||
| 9 | create | the world | nom creation «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/56/11/