Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 2, sentence 49
One of the causes which conduced to this result may have been--if Perun really was considered in old times, as he is said to have been, the Lord of the Harvest--that the day consecrated by the Church to Elijah, July 20, occurs in the beginning of the harvest season, and therefore the peasants naturally connected their new saint with their old deity.
Who acts: causes, day, peasants · What happens: conduce, consider, say, be, consecrate, occur · To what, where: One, Perun, day, beginning, new saint, harvest season · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (causes, day, peasants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 considered | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 causes | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 causes | det |
| 4 | causes | cause | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 One | nmod |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 conduced | nsubj |
| 6 | conduced | conduce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 causes | acl:relcl |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 result | case |
| 8 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 result | det |
| 9 | result | result | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 conduced | obl |
| 10 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 considered | aux |
| 11 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 18 considered | aux |
| 12 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 considered | aux:pass |
| 13 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 18 considered | punct |
| 14 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 18 considered | mark |
| 15 | Perun | Perun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 considered | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | really | really | ADV | _ | 18 considered | advmod |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 considered | aux:pass |
| 18 | considered | consider | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 times | case |
| 20 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 times | amod |
| 21 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 considered | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 said | punct |
| 23 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 26 said | mark |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 said | nsubj |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 said | aux:pass |
| 26 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 considered | conj |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 been | mark |
| 28 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 29 been | aux |
| 29 | been | be | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 said | advcl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 Lord | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 Lord | det |
| 32 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 considered | obl |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 Harvest | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 Harvest | det |
| 35 | Harvest | Harvest | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Lord | nmod |
| 36 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 50 occurs | punct |
| 37 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 50 occurs | mark |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 day | det |
| 39 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 occurs | nsubj |
| 40 | consecrated | consecrate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 day | acl |
| 41 | by | by | ADP | _ | 43 Church | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 Church | det |
| 43 | Church | Church | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 consecrated | obl:agent |
| 44 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 Elijah | case |
| 45 | Elijah | Elijah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 Church | nmod |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 20 | punct |
| 47 | July | July | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 20 | nmod:unmarked |
| 48 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 43 Church | amod |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 day | punct |
| 50 | occurs | occur | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 considered | conj |
| 51 | in | in | ADP | _ | 53 beginning | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 beginning | det |
| 53 | beginning | beginning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 occurs | obl |
| 54 | of | of | ADP | _ | 57 season | case |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 season | det |
| 56 | harvest | harvest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 season | compound |
| 57 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 beginning | nmod |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 connected | punct |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 connected | cc |
| 60 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 62 peasants | advmod |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 peasants | det |
| 62 | peasants | peasant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 64 connected | nsubj |
| 63 | naturally | naturally | ADV | _ | 64 connected | advmod |
| 64 | connected | connect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 considered | conj |
| 65 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 67 saint | nmod:poss |
| 66 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 67 saint | amod |
| 67 | saint | saint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 connected | obj |
| 68 | with | with | ADP | _ | 71 deity | case |
| 69 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 71 deity | nmod:poss |
| 70 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 71 deity | amod |
| 71 | deity | deity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 connected | obl |
| 72 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 considered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | conduce | past | the causes | to this result | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | consider | may · perfect · passive | One of the causes | time | the Lord of the Harvest obl | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present · passive | Perun | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 4 | be | to-infinitive · perfect | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | consecrate | participle | the day not said here | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | occur | present | the day | in the beginning of the harvest season | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in beginning=Location | ||||
| 7 | connect | past | the peasants | Elijah's new saint | with Elijah's old deity; naturally property | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent saint=Patient with deity=Co-Patient | |||
| 8 | begin | the harvest season | nom beginning «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/57/49/