Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 3, sentence 32
There was a village (says one of the legends of the Chernigof Government) in which lived more than a thousand witches, and they used to steal the holy stars, until at last "there was not one left to light our sinful world."
Who acts: village, witches · What happens: be, say, live, use, steal, leave · To what, where: one, thousand witches, holy stars, sinful world, light · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (village, witches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 was | expl |
| 2 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 village | det |
| 4 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 was | nsubj |
| 5 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 6 says | punct |
| 6 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 village | acl:relcl |
| 7 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 says | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 legends | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 legends | det |
| 10 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 one | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Government | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Government | det |
| 13 | Chernigof | Chernigof | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Government | compound |
| 14 | Government | Government | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 legends | nmod |
| 15 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 6 says | punct |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 which | case |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 lived | nsubj |
| 18 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 village | acl:relcl |
| 19 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 22 thousand | advmod |
| 20 | than | than | ADP | _ | 19 more | fixed |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 thousand | det |
| 22 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 witches | nummod |
| 23 | witches | witch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 lived | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 used | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 used | cc |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 used | nsubj |
| 27 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 was | conj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 steal | mark |
| 29 | steal | steal | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 used | xcomp |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 stars | det |
| 31 | holy | holy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 stars | amod |
| 32 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 steal | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 last | punct |
| 34 | until | until | ADP | _ | 36 last | case |
| 35 | at | at | ADP | _ | 36 last | case |
| 36 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 used | obl |
| 37 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 39 was | punct |
| 38 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 39 was | expl |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 last | acl:relcl |
| 40 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 41 one | advmod |
| 41 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 39 was | nsubj |
| 42 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 one | acl |
| 43 | to | to | ADP | _ | 44 light | case |
| 44 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 left | obl |
| 45 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 world | nmod:poss |
| 46 | sinful | sinful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 world | amod |
| 47 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 left | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 was | punct |
| 49 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 was | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | a village | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | a village not said here | one of the legends of the Chernigof Government | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent one=Topic | ||||
| 3 | live | past | a village | thousand witches | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme witch=Location | ||||
| 4 | use | past | witches = witch | until last | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | steal | to-infinitive | witches = witch not said here | the holy stars | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location star=Theme | ||||
| 6 | leave in a quote | participle | our sinful world | light | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to light=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/58/32/