Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 4, sentence 141
Dark is it in the forest without Byelun" is one phrase; and another, spoken of a man on whom fortune has smiled, is, "He must have made friends with Byelun."
Who acts: Dark, man · What happens: be, speak, smile, make · To what, where: forest, one phrase, another, fortune, made friends · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dark, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dark | Dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 forest | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 forest | cop |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 forest | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 forest | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 forest | det |
| 6 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | without | without | ADP | _ | 8 Byelun | case |
| 8 | Byelun | Byelun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 phrase | obl |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Byelun | punct |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 phrase | cop |
| 11 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 phrase | nummod |
| 12 | phrase | phrase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 forest | parataxis |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 spoken | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 spoken | cc |
| 15 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 17 spoken | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 spoken | punct |
| 17 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 forest | parataxis |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 man | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 man | det |
| 20 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 spoken | obl |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 whom | case |
| 22 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 man | nmod |
| 23 | fortune | fortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 smiled | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 smiled | aux |
| 25 | smiled | smile | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 whom | acl:relcl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 forest | punct |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 friends | cop |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 is | punct |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 33 made | punct |
| 30 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 made | nsubj |
| 31 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 made | aux |
| 32 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 33 made | aux |
| 33 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 friends | amod |
| 34 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 forest | nmod |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 36 Byelun | case |
| 36 | Byelun | Byelun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 friends | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 34 friends | punct |
| 38 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 friends | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Dark | the forest | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | one phrase | without Byelun | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other in a quote | participle · passive | another | of a man | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | smile in a quote | present · perfect · passive | fortune | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 5 | make | must · perfect | man | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is a | present | made friends | with Byelun | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/59/141/