Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore, Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 5, sentence 150
The youth was frightened and did not know what reply to make.
What happens: frighten, not know, reply, make · To what, where: youth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Chapter VI. LEGENDS, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 youth | det |
| 2 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 frightened | aux:pass |
| 4 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 know | cc |
| 6 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 know | aux |
| 7 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 know | advmod |
| 8 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 frightened | conj |
| 9 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 10 reply | nsubj |
| 10 | reply | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 know | ccomp |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 make | mark |
| 12 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 reply | xcomp |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 frightened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | frighten | past · passive | the youth | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | not know | past · do-support | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||||
| 3 | reply speech: assert | present | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | make | to-infinitive | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore», Project Gutenberg book 22373 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg22373/60/150/