The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 1, sentence 156
The cubs tumbled over each other in the center of the circle where their mothers and fathers sat, and now and again a senior wolf would go quietly up to a cub, look at him carefully, and return to his place on noiseless feet.
Who acts: cubs, mothers, senior wolf · What happens: tumble, sit, go, look, return · To what, where: each, cub, noiseless feet
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cubs, mothers, senior wolf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cubs | det |
| 2 | cubs | cub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 tumbled | nsubj |
| 3 | tumbled | tumble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | over | over | ADP | _ | 5 each | case |
| 5 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 3 tumbled | obl |
| 6 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 each | fixed |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 center | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 center | det |
| 9 | center | center | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 tumbled | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 circle | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 circle | det |
| 12 | circle | circle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 center | nmod |
| 13 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 18 sat | advmod |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 mothers | nmod:poss |
| 15 | mothers | mother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 sat | nsubj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 fathers | cc |
| 17 | fathers | father | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 mothers | conj |
| 18 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 circle | acl:relcl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 go | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 go | cc |
| 21 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 28 go | advmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 again | cc |
| 23 | again | again | ADV | _ | 21 now | conj |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 wolf | det |
| 25 | senior | senior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 wolf | amod |
| 26 | wolf | wolf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 go | nsubj |
| 27 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 go | aux |
| 28 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 tumbled | parataxis |
| 29 | quietly | quietly | ADV | _ | 28 go | advmod |
| 30 | up | up | ADP | _ | 33 cub | case |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 cub | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 cub | det |
| 33 | cub | cub | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 go | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 look | punct |
| 35 | look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 28 go | parataxis |
| 36 | at | at | ADP | _ | 37 him | case |
| 37 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 look | obl |
| 38 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 35 look | advmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 return | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 return | cc |
| 41 | return | return | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 35 look | conj |
| 42 | to | to | ADP | _ | 44 place | case |
| 43 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 place | nmod:poss |
| 44 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 return | obl |
| 45 | on | on | ADP | _ | 47 feet | case |
| 46 | noiseless | noiseless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 feet | amod |
| 47 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 return | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 tumbled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tumble | past | the cubs | each | in the center of the circle | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in center=Attribute | |||
| 2 | sit | past | cubs's mothers and fathers | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | go | would | a senior wolf | a cub | now | quietly property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme up cub=Initial_Location | ||
| 4 | look | infinitive | at Father; carefully property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at he=Theme | |||||
| 5 | return | infinitive | noiseless feet | to Father's place result | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to place=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/1/156/