The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 1, sentence 163
A muffled roar came up from behind the rocks--the voice of Shere Khan crying: “The cub is mine.
Who acts: muffled roar, voice, cub · What happens: muffle, come up, cry, be · To what, where: rocks, voice · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (muffled roar, voice, cub), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 roar | det |
| 2 | muffled | muffle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 roar | amod |
| 3 | roar | roar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 came | nsubj |
| 4 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | up | up | ADV | _ | 4 came | advmod |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 rocks | case |
| 7 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 9 rocks | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 rocks | det |
| 9 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 came | obl |
| 10 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 12 voice | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 voice | det |
| 12 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rocks | conj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Shere | case |
| 14 | Shere | Shere | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 voice | nmod |
| 15 | Khan | Khan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Shere | flat |
| 16 | crying | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 voice | acl |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 mine | punct |
| 18 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 mine | punct |
| 19 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 cub | det |
| 20 | cub | cub | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 mine | nsubj |
| 21 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 mine | cop |
| 22 | mine | my | PRON | Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 crying | ccomp |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | muffle | participle | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | come up | past | a muffled roar | the rocks and the voice of Shere | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from rock=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | cry speech: express | gerund | the voice of Shere not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present | the cub | the voice of Shere = voice | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/1/163/