The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 1, sentence 171
Now, the Law of the Jungle lays down that if there is any dispute as to the right of a cub to be accepted by the Pack, he must be spoken for by at least two members of the Pack who are not his father and mother.
Who acts: Law, Pack, two members · What happens: lay down, be, accept, speak, not be · To what, where: dispute, father · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Law, Pack, two members), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 8 lays | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Law | det |
| 4 | Law | Law | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 lays | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Jungle | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Jungle | det |
| 7 | Jungle | Jungle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Law | nmod |
| 8 | lays | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | down | down | ADP | _ | 8 lays | compound:prt |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 right | mark |
| 11 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 13 is | mark |
| 12 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 13 is | expl |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 right | cop |
| 14 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 15 dispute | det |
| 15 | dispute | dispute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 is | nsubj |
| 16 | as | as | ADP | _ | 19 right | case |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 right | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 right | det |
| 19 | right | right | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 lays | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 cub | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 cub | det |
| 22 | cub | cub | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 right | nmod |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 accepted | mark |
| 24 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 25 accepted | aux:pass |
| 25 | accepted | accept | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 right | parataxis |
| 26 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 Pack | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Pack | det |
| 28 | Pack | Pack | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 accepted | obl:agent |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 spoken | punct |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 spoken | nsubj |
| 31 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 spoken | aux |
| 32 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 33 spoken | aux:pass |
| 33 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 lays | parataxis |
| 34 | for | for | ADP | _ | 33 spoken | obl |
| 35 | by | by | ADP | _ | 39 members | case |
| 36 | at | at | ADP | _ | 37 least | case |
| 37 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 38 two | nmod |
| 38 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 39 members | nummod |
| 39 | members | member | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 spoken | obl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 Pack | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 Pack | det |
| 42 | Pack | pack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 members | nmod |
| 43 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 47 father | nsubj |
| 44 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 father | cop |
| 45 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 47 father | advmod |
| 46 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 father | nmod:poss |
| 47 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 members | acl:relcl |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 mother | cc |
| 49 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 father | conj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 lays | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lay down | present | the Law of the Jungle | now | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | present | as the right; of a cub | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | accept | to-infinitive · passive | the Pack | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | must · passive | two members of the Pack | dispute | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not is a | present | two members of the Pack | dispute's father and mother | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/1/171/