The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 1, sentence 18
But they are afraid of him too, because Tabaqui, more than anyone else in the jungle, is apt to go mad, and then he forgets that he was ever afraid of anyone, and runs through the forest biting everything in his way.
Who acts: rags, Tabaqui, forest · What happens: be, go, forget, run, bite · To what, where: forest, everything, way
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rags, Tabaqui, forest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 afraid | cc |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 afraid | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 afraid | cop |
| 4 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 him | case |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 afraid | obl |
| 7 | too | too | ADV | _ | 4 afraid | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 apt | punct |
| 9 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 21 apt | mark |
| 10 | Tabaqui | Tabaqui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 apt | nsubj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 more | punct |
| 12 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 10 Tabaqui | conj |
| 13 | than | than | ADP | _ | 14 anyone | case |
| 14 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 12 more | obl |
| 15 | else | else | ADV | _ | 14 anyone | advmod |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 jungle | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 jungle | det |
| 18 | jungle | jungle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 anyone | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Tabaqui | punct |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 apt | cop |
| 21 | apt | apt | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 afraid | conj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 go | mark |
| 23 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 apt | csubj |
| 24 | mad | mad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 go | xcomp |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 forgets | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 forgets | cc |
| 27 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 29 forgets | advmod |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 forgets | nsubj |
| 29 | forgets | forget | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 afraid | parataxis |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 34 afraid | mark |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 afraid | nsubj |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 afraid | cop |
| 33 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 34 afraid | advmod |
| 34 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 forgets | advcl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 anyone | case |
| 36 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 34 afraid | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 runs | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 runs | cc |
| 39 | runs | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 forgets | conj |
| 40 | through | through | ADP | _ | 42 forest | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 forest | det |
| 42 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 runs | obl |
| 43 | biting | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 42 forest | acl |
| 44 | everything | everything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 43 biting | obj |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 47 way | case |
| 46 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 way | nmod:poss |
| 47 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 biting | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 afraid | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | rags = rag | of Tabaqui; afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | Tabaqui | apt property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | go | to-infinitive | mad property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | forget | present | Tabaqui | then | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is | past | Tabaqui | ever | of anyone; afraid property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | run | present | Tabaqui not said here | the forest | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through forest=Trajectory | ||||
| 7 | bite | gerund | the forest not said here | everything | Tabaqui's way | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent everything=Patient in way=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/1/18/