The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 1, sentence 64
The Law of the Jungle, which never orders anything without a reason, forbids every beast to eat Man except when he is killing to show his children how to kill, and then he must hunt outside the hunting grounds of his pack or tribe.
Who acts: Law · What happens: not order, forbid, eat, kill, show, hunt · To what, where: anything, beast, Man, children, hunting grounds
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Law), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Law | det |
| 2 | Law | Law | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 orders | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Jungle | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Jungle | det |
| 5 | Jungle | Jungle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Law | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 orders | punct |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 orders | nsubj |
| 8 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 9 orders | advmod |
| 9 | orders | order | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 9 orders | obj |
| 11 | without | without | ADP | _ | 13 reason | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 reason | det |
| 13 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 orders | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 forbids | punct |
| 15 | forbids | forbid | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 orders | conj |
| 16 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 beast | det |
| 17 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 forbids | obj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 eat | mark |
| 19 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 forbids | advcl |
| 20 | Man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 eat | obj |
| 21 | except | except | ADP | _ | 25 killing | mark |
| 22 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 25 killing | mark |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 killing | nsubj |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 killing | aux |
| 25 | killing | kill | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 Man | acl |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 show | mark |
| 27 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 killing | xcomp |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 children | nmod:poss |
| 29 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 show | obj |
| 30 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 32 kill | advmod |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 kill | mark |
| 32 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 show | advcl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 hunt | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 hunt | cc |
| 35 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 38 hunt | advmod |
| 36 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 hunt | nsubj |
| 37 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 hunt | aux |
| 38 | hunt | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 orders | parataxis |
| 39 | outside | outside | ADP | _ | 42 grounds | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 grounds | det |
| 41 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 grounds | compound |
| 42 | grounds | grounds | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 38 hunt | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 pack | case |
| 44 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 pack | nmod:poss |
| 45 | pack | pack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 grounds | nmod |
| 46 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 47 tribe | cc |
| 47 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 pack | conj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 orders | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not order | present | the Law of the Jungle | anything | without a reason | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme | |||
| 2 | forbid | present | the Law of the Jungle not said here | every beast | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer beast=Theme | ||||
| 3 | eat | to-infinitive | the Law of the Jungle not said here | Man | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient | ||||
| 4 | kill | present · progressive | Law | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | show | to-infinitive | Law not said here | Law's children | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent child=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | kill | to-infinitive | Law not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | hunt | must | Law | the hunting grounds of Law's pack or tribe | then | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent outside grounds=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/1/64/