The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 11, sentence 94
“It’s horrible,” said Kotick, backing water as a wave went over him, and steadying himself with a screw stroke of his flippers that brought him all standing within three inches of a jagged edge of rock.
Who acts: skin, Kotick, wave, flippers · What happens: be, say, back, go, steady, bring · To what, where: water, Kotick, flippers · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (skin, Kotick, wave, flippers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 horrible | punct |
| 2 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 horrible | nsubj |
| 3 | ’s | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 horrible | cop |
| 4 | horrible | horrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 said | ccomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 horrible | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 horrible | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | Kotick | Kotick | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 backing | punct |
| 10 | backing | back | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 said | advcl |
| 11 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 backing | obj |
| 12 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 15 went | mark |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 wave | det |
| 14 | wave | wave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 went | nsubj |
| 15 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 backing | advcl |
| 16 | over | over | ADP | _ | 17 him | case |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 went | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 steadying | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 steadying | cc |
| 20 | steadying | steady | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 said | advcl |
| 21 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 20 steadying | obj |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 stroke | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 stroke | det |
| 24 | screw | screw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 stroke | compound |
| 25 | stroke | stroke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 steadying | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 flippers | case |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 flippers | nmod:poss |
| 28 | flippers | flipper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 stroke | nmod |
| 29 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 brought | nsubj |
| 30 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 flippers | acl:relcl |
| 31 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 brought | obj |
| 32 | all | all | ADV | _ | 33 standing | advmod |
| 33 | standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 brought | advcl |
| 34 | within | within | ADP | _ | 36 inches | case |
| 35 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 inches | nummod |
| 36 | inches | inch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 standing | obl |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 edge | case |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 edge | det |
| 39 | jagged | jagged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 edge | amod |
| 40 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 inches | nmod |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 rock | case |
| 42 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 edge | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | skin | horrible property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Kotick | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | back | gerund | Kotick not said here | water | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Agent | ||||
| 4 | go | past | a wave | over Kotick | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme over he=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | steady | gerund | Kotick not said here | Kotick | with a screw stroke of Kotick's flippers | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent himself=Patient with stroke=Instrument | |||
| 6 | bring | past | Kotick's flippers | Kotick | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination | ||||
| 7 | stand | gerund | Kotick's flippers not said here | within three inches of a jagged edge of rock; all property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | stroke | Kotick's flippers | nom stroke «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/11/94/