The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 12, sentence 9
He met with more adventures than can be told, and narrowly escaped being caught by the Basking Shark, and the Spotted Shark, and the Hammerhead, and he met all the untrustworthy ruffians that loaf up and down the seas, and the heavy polite fish, and the scarlet spotted scallops that are moored in one place for hundreds of years, and grow very proud of it; but he never met Sea Cow, and he never found an island that he could fancy.
Who acts: Kotick, Basking Shark, Spotted Shark, untrustworthy ruffians, scarlet · What happens: meet, tell, escape, catch, spot, loaf up · To what, where: heavy polite fish, more adventures, untrustworthy ruffians, scallops, one place, Sea Cow · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kotick, Basking Shark, Spotted Shark, untrustworthy ruffians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 met | nsubj |
| 2 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 adventures | case |
| 4 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 adventures | amod |
| 5 | adventures | adventure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 met | obl |
| 6 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 9 told | mark |
| 7 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 told | aux |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 9 told | aux:pass |
| 9 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 adventures | acl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 escaped | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 escaped | cc |
| 12 | narrowly | narrowly | ADV | _ | 13 escaped | advmod |
| 13 | escaped | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 met | conj |
| 14 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 caught | aux:pass |
| 15 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 escaped | ccomp |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 Shark | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Shark | det |
| 18 | Basking | Basking | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Shark | compound |
| 19 | Shark | Shark | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 caught | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 met | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 met | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Shark | det |
| 23 | Spotted | spot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 Shark | amod |
| 24 | Shark | Shark | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 met | nsubj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 Hammerhead | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 Hammerhead | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Hammerhead | det |
| 28 | Hammerhead | Hammerhead | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Shark | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 met | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 met | cc |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 met | nsubj |
| 32 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 met | conj |
| 33 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 36 ruffians | det:predet |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 ruffians | det |
| 35 | untrustworthy | untrustworthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 ruffians | amod |
| 36 | ruffians | ruffian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 met | obj |
| 37 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 loaf | nsubj |
| 38 | loaf | loaf | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 ruffians | acl:relcl |
| 39 | up | up | ADV | _ | 38 loaf | advmod |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 seas | cc |
| 41 | down | down | ADP | _ | 43 seas | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 seas | det |
| 43 | seas | sea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 loaf | conj |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 fish | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 fish | cc |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 fish | det |
| 47 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 fish | amod |
| 48 | polite | polite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 fish | amod |
| 49 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 met | obl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 spotted | punct |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 spotted | cc |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 scarlet | det |
| 53 | scarlet | scarlet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 spotted | nsubj |
| 54 | spotted | spot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 met | parataxis |
| 55 | scallops | scallop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 spotted | obj |
| 56 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 58 moored | nsubj |
| 57 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 58 moored | aux:pass |
| 58 | moored | moor | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 55 scallops | acl:relcl |
| 59 | in | in | ADP | _ | 61 place | case |
| 60 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 61 place | nummod |
| 61 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 moored | obl |
| 62 | for | for | ADP | _ | 63 hundreds | case |
| 63 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 61 place | nmod |
| 64 | of | of | ADP | _ | 65 years | case |
| 65 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 hundreds | nmod |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 grow | punct |
| 67 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 68 grow | cc |
| 68 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 54 spotted | parataxis |
| 69 | very | very | ADV | _ | 70 proud | advmod |
| 70 | proud | proud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 68 grow | xcomp |
| 71 | of | of | ADP | _ | 72 it | case |
| 72 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 70 proud | obl |
| 73 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 77 met | punct |
| 74 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 77 met | cc |
| 75 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 77 met | nsubj |
| 76 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 77 met | advmod |
| 77 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 met | parataxis |
| 78 | Sea | Sea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 79 Cow | compound |
| 79 | Cow | Cow | PROPN | Number=Sing | 77 met | obj |
| 80 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 84 found | punct |
| 81 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 84 found | cc |
| 82 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 84 found | nsubj |
| 83 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 84 found | advmod |
| 84 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 77 met | conj |
| 85 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 86 island | det |
| 86 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 found | obj |
| 87 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 90 fancy | mark |
| 88 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 90 fancy | nsubj |
| 89 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 90 fancy | aux |
| 90 | fancy | fancy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 86 island | acl |
| 91 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 met | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | meet | past | Kotick | the heavy polite fish | with more adventures | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with adventure=Co-Agent | |||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | can · passive | more adventures not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V» | |||||
| 3 | escape | past | Kotick not said here | narrowly property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | catch | gerund · passive | the Basking Shark | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | spot | participle | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | ||||||
| 6 | meet | past | the Spotted Shark and the Hammerhead | all untrustworthy ruffians | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ruffian=Co-Agent | ||||
| 7 | loaf up | present | all untrustworthy ruffians | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | spot | past | the scarlet | scallops | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme scallop=Destination | ||||
| 9 | moor | present · passive | scallops | one place for hundreds of years | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in place=Destination | ||||
| 10 | grow | present | proud property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 11 | not meet | past | Kotick | Sea Cow | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Co-Agent | ||||
| 12 | not find | past | Kotick | a island | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent island=Topic | ||||
| 13 | fancy | could | Kotick | a island not said here | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer island=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/12/9/