The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 13, sentence 114
He was afraid for the minute, but it is impossible for a mongoose to stay frightened for any length of time, and though Rikki-tikki had never met a live cobra before, his mother had fed him on dead ones, and he knew that all a grown mongoose’s business in life was to fight and eat snakes.
Who acts: Tikki, Rikki tikki, business · What happens: be, stay, frighten, not meet, feed, know · To what, where: live cobra, mother, snakes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tikki, Rikki tikki, business), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 afraid | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 afraid | cop |
| 3 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 minute | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 minute | det |
| 6 | minute | minute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 afraid | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 impossible | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 impossible | cc |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 impossible | expl |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 impossible | cop |
| 11 | impossible | impossible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 afraid | conj |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 mongoose | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 mongoose | det |
| 14 | mongoose | mongoose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 impossible | obl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 stay | mark |
| 16 | stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 impossible | advcl |
| 17 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 stay | xcomp |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 length | case |
| 19 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 20 length | det |
| 20 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 frightened | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 time | case |
| 22 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 length | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 met | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 met | cc |
| 25 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 31 met | mark |
| 26 | Rikki | Rikki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 tikki | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 Rikki | punct |
| 28 | tikki | tikki | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 met | nsubj |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 met | aux |
| 30 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 31 met | advmod |
| 31 | met | meet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 afraid | parataxis |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 cobra | det |
| 33 | live | live | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 cobra | amod |
| 34 | cobra | cobra | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 met | obj |
| 35 | before | before | ADV | _ | 31 met | advmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 fed | punct |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 mother | nmod:poss |
| 38 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 fed | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 fed | aux |
| 40 | fed | feed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 met | conj |
| 41 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 fed | obj |
| 42 | on | on | ADP | _ | 44 ones | case |
| 43 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 ones | amod |
| 44 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 fed | obl |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 knew | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 knew | cc |
| 47 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 knew | nsubj |
| 48 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 afraid | conj |
| 49 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 60 fight | mark |
| 50 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 51 a | det:predet |
| 51 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 53 mongoose | det |
| 52 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 53 mongoose | amod |
| 53 | mongoose | mongoose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 business | nmod:poss |
| 54 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 53 mongoose | case |
| 55 | business | business | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 fight | nsubj |
| 56 | in | in | ADP | _ | 57 life | case |
| 57 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 business | nmod |
| 58 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 60 fight | cop |
| 59 | to | to | PART | _ | 60 fight | mark |
| 60 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 48 knew | ccomp |
| 61 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 eat | cc |
| 62 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 60 fight | conj |
| 63 | snakes | snake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 62 eat | obj |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 afraid | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Tikki | minute | afraid property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is | present | Tikki not said here | for a mongoose; impossible property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | stay | to-infinitive | Tikki not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | frighten | participle | Tikki not said here | for any length of time | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | not meet | past · perfect | Rikki tikki | a live cobra | before property | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cobra=Co-Agent | |||
| 6 | feed | past · perfect · passive | Tikki's mother | on dead ones | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient he=Theme | ||||
| 7 | know | past | Tikki | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 8 | grow | participle | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 9 | is | past | a grown mongoose's business in life | fight property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | eat | infinitive | a grown mongoose's business in life not said here | snakes | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snake=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/13/114/