The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 14, sentence 26
Rikki-tikki was too well bred to bite or scratch, but as soon as Teddy was asleep he went off for his nightly walk round the house, and in the dark he ran up against Chuchundra, the muskrat, creeping around by the wall.
Who acts: Teddy · What happens: breed, bite, scratch, be, go off, run up · To what, where: Rikki tikki, dark
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Teddy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rikki | Rikki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 tikki | compound |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Rikki | punct |
| 3 | tikki | tikki | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bred | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 bred | aux:pass |
| 5 | too | too | ADV | _ | 6 well | advmod |
| 6 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 bred | advmod |
| 7 | bred | breed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 bite | mark |
| 9 | bite | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 bred | advcl |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 scratch | cc |
| 11 | scratch | scratch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 bite | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 went | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 went | cc |
| 14 | as | as | ADV | _ | 15 soon | advmod |
| 15 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 21 went | advmod |
| 16 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 asleep | mark |
| 17 | Teddy | Teddy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 asleep | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 asleep | cop |
| 19 | asleep | asleep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 soon | advcl |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 went | nsubj |
| 21 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 bred | conj |
| 22 | off | off | ADP | _ | 21 went | compound:prt |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 26 walk | case |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 walk | nmod:poss |
| 25 | nightly | nightly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 walk | amod |
| 26 | walk | walk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 went | obl |
| 27 | round | round | ADP | _ | 29 house | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 house | det |
| 29 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 walk | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 ran | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 ran | cc |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 dark | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 dark | det |
| 34 | dark | dark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 ran | obl |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 ran | nsubj |
| 36 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 went | conj |
| 37 | up | up | ADP | _ | 36 ran | compound:prt |
| 38 | against | against | ADP | _ | 39 Chuchundra | case |
| 39 | Chuchundra | Chuchundra | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 ran | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 muskrat | punct |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 muskrat | det |
| 42 | muskrat | muskrat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 Chuchundra | appos |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 creeping | punct |
| 44 | creeping | creep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 36 ran | advcl |
| 45 | around | around | ADV | _ | 44 creeping | advmod |
| 46 | by | by | ADP | _ | 48 wall | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 wall | det |
| 48 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 creeping | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 bred | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | breed | past · passive | Rikki tikki | well property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | bite | to-infinitive | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | scratch | infinitive | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | is | past | Teddy | asleep property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | go off | past | Teddy | for Teddy's nightly walk round the house; soon property | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | run up | past | Teddy | the dark | against Chuchundra | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dark=Trajectory | |||
| 7 | creep around | gerund | Teddy not said here | by the wall; around property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by wall=Trajectory | ||||
| 8 | walk | Teddy | round the house | nom walk «act transitive»: poss=agent round=obl |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/14/26/