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The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 16, sentence 150

Then the elephants were chained by their hind legs to their big stumps of pickets, and extra ropes were fitted to the new elephants, and the fodder was piled before them, and the hill drivers went back to Petersen Sahib through the afternoon light, telling the plains drivers to be extra careful that night, and laughing when the plains drivers asked the reason.

Who acts: hind legs, hill drivers, plains drivers · What happens: chain, fit, pile, go back, tell, be · To what, where: elephants, extra ropes, new elephants, fodder, Petersen, afternoon light · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hind legs, hill drivers, plains drivers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

advmoddetnsubjaux:passcasenmod:possamodoblcasenmod:possamodnmodcasenmodpunctccamodnsubj:passaux:passconjcasedetamodoblpunctccdetnsubj:passaux:passparataxiscaseoblpunctccdetcompoundnsubjconjadvmodcaseoblflatcasedetcompoundoblpunctadvcldetcompoundobjmarkcopamodccompdetobl:unmarkedpunctccconjmarkdetcompoundnsubjadvcldetobjpunctrootThenADVtheDETelephantsNOUNwereAUXchainedVERBbyADPtheirPRONhindADJlegsNOUNtoADPtheirPRONbigADJstumpsNOUNofADPpicketsNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJextraADJropesNOUNwereAUXfittedVERBtoADPtheDETnewADJelephantsNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtheDETfodderNOUNwasAUXpiledVERBbeforeADPthemPRON,PUNCTandCCONJtheDEThillNOUNdriversNOUNwentVERBbackADVtoADPPetersenPROPNSahibPROPNthroughADPtheDETafternoonNOUNlightNOUN,PUNCTtellingVERBtheDETplainsNOUNdriversNOUNtoPARTbeAUXextraADJcarefulADJthatDETnightNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJlaughingVERBwhenSCONJtheDETplainsNOUNdriversNOUNaskedVERBtheDETreasonNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThenthenADVPronType=Dem3 elephantsadvmod
2thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art3 elephantsdet
3elephantselephantNOUNNumber=Plur5 chainednsubj
4werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin5 chainedaux:pass
5chainedchainVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
6bybyADP_9 legscase
7theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs9 legsnmod:poss
8hindhindADJDegree=Pos9 legsamod
9legslegNOUNNumber=Plur5 chainedobl
10totoADP_13 stumpscase
11theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs13 stumpsnmod:poss
12bigbigADJDegree=Pos13 stumpsamod
13stumpsstumpNOUNNumber=Plur9 legsnmod
14ofofADP_15 picketscase
15picketspicketNOUNNumber=Plur13 stumpsnmod
16,,PUNCT_21 fittedpunct
17andandCCONJ_21 fittedcc
18extraextraADJDegree=Pos19 ropesamod
19ropesropeNOUNNumber=Plur21 fittednsubj:pass
20werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin21 fittedaux:pass
21fittedfitVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass5 chainedconj
22totoADP_25 elephantscase
23thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art25 elephantsdet
24newnewADJDegree=Pos25 elephantsamod
25elephantselephantNOUNNumber=Plur21 fittedobl
26,,PUNCT_31 piledpunct
27andandCCONJ_31 piledcc
28thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art29 fodderdet
29fodderfodderNOUNNumber=Sing31 pilednsubj:pass
30wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin31 piledaux:pass
31piledpileVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass5 chainedparataxis
32beforebeforeADP_33 themcase
33themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs31 piledobl
34,,PUNCT_39 wentpunct
35andandCCONJ_39 wentcc
36thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art38 driversdet
37hillhillNOUNNumber=Sing38 driverscompound
38driversdriverNOUNNumber=Plur39 wentnsubj
39wentgoVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin5 chainedconj
40backbackADV_39 wentadvmod
41totoADP_42 Petersencase
42PetersenPetersenPROPNNumber=Sing39 wentobl
43SahibSahibPROPNNumber=Sing42 Petersenflat
44throughthroughADP_47 lightcase
45thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art47 lightdet
46afternoonafternoonNOUNNumber=Sing47 lightcompound
47lightlightNOUNNumber=Sing39 wentobl
48,,PUNCT_49 tellingpunct
49tellingtellVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part39 wentadvcl
50thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art51 plainsdet
51plainsplainNOUNNumber=Plur52 driverscompound
52driversdriverNOUNNumber=Plur49 tellingobj
53totoPART_56 carefulmark
54bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf56 carefulcop
55extraextraADJDegree=Pos56 carefulamod
56carefulcarefulADJDegree=Pos49 tellingccomp
57thatthatDETNumber=Sing PronType=Dem58 nightdet
58nightnightNOUNNumber=Sing56 carefulobl:unmarked
59,,PUNCT_61 laughingpunct
60andandCCONJ_61 laughingcc
61laughinglaughVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part5 chainedconj
62whenwhenSCONJ_66 askedmark
63thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art64 plainsdet
64plainsplainNOUNNumber=Plur65 driverscompound
65driversdriverNOUNNumber=Plur66 askednsubj
66askedaskVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin61 laughingadvcl
67thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art68 reasondet
68reasonreasonNOUNNumber=Sing66 askedobj
69..PUNCT_5 chainedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1chainpast · passiveways's hind legs to ways's big stumps of picketsthe elephantsvn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2fitpast · passiveextra ropesthe new elephantsvn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to elephant=Goal
3pilepast · passivethe fodderbefore ways = wayvn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme before they=Destination
4go backpastthe hill driversPetersenthe afternoon lightvn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to petersen=Result
5tell speech: assertgerundthe hill drivers not said hereplains driversvn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent driver=Recipient
6is not said to happento-infinitivenightcareful propertytree rules
7laughgerundways's hind legs to ways's big stumps of pickets not said herevn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8ask speech: askpastplains driversthe reasonvn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent reason=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/16/150/