The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 16, sentence 150
Then the elephants were chained by their hind legs to their big stumps of pickets, and extra ropes were fitted to the new elephants, and the fodder was piled before them, and the hill drivers went back to Petersen Sahib through the afternoon light, telling the plains drivers to be extra careful that night, and laughing when the plains drivers asked the reason.
Who acts: hind legs, hill drivers, plains drivers · What happens: chain, fit, pile, go back, tell, be · To what, where: elephants, extra ropes, new elephants, fodder, Petersen, afternoon light · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hind legs, hill drivers, plains drivers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 elephants | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 elephants | det |
| 3 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 chained | nsubj |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 chained | aux:pass |
| 5 | chained | chain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 legs | case |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 legs | nmod:poss |
| 8 | hind | hind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 legs | amod |
| 9 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 chained | obl |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 stumps | case |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 stumps | nmod:poss |
| 12 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 stumps | amod |
| 13 | stumps | stump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 legs | nmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 pickets | case |
| 15 | pickets | picket | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 stumps | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 fitted | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 fitted | cc |
| 18 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 ropes | amod |
| 19 | ropes | rope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 fitted | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 fitted | aux:pass |
| 21 | fitted | fit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 chained | conj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 elephants | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 elephants | det |
| 24 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 elephants | amod |
| 25 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 fitted | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 piled | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 piled | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 fodder | det |
| 29 | fodder | fodder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 piled | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 piled | aux:pass |
| 31 | piled | pile | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 chained | parataxis |
| 32 | before | before | ADP | _ | 33 them | case |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 piled | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 went | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 went | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 drivers | det |
| 37 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 drivers | compound |
| 38 | drivers | driver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 went | nsubj |
| 39 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 chained | conj |
| 40 | back | back | ADV | _ | 39 went | advmod |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 Petersen | case |
| 42 | Petersen | Petersen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 went | obl |
| 43 | Sahib | Sahib | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 Petersen | flat |
| 44 | through | through | ADP | _ | 47 light | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 light | det |
| 46 | afternoon | afternoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 light | compound |
| 47 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 went | obl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 telling | punct |
| 49 | telling | tell | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 39 went | advcl |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 plains | det |
| 51 | plains | plain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 drivers | compound |
| 52 | drivers | driver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 telling | obj |
| 53 | to | to | PART | _ | 56 careful | mark |
| 54 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 56 careful | cop |
| 55 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 careful | amod |
| 56 | careful | careful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 telling | ccomp |
| 57 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 58 night | det |
| 58 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 careful | obl:unmarked |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 laughing | punct |
| 60 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 61 laughing | cc |
| 61 | laughing | laugh | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 chained | conj |
| 62 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 66 asked | mark |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 plains | det |
| 64 | plains | plain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 drivers | compound |
| 65 | drivers | driver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 66 asked | nsubj |
| 66 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 61 laughing | advcl |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 reason | det |
| 68 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 asked | obj |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 chained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chain | past · passive | ways's hind legs to ways's big stumps of pickets | the elephants | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | fit | past · passive | extra ropes | the new elephants | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to elephant=Goal | ||||
| 3 | pile | past · passive | the fodder | before ways = way | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme before they=Destination | ||||
| 4 | go back | past | the hill drivers | Petersen | the afternoon light | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to petersen=Result | |||
| 5 | tell speech: assert | gerund | the hill drivers not said here | plains drivers | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent driver=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | is not said to happen | to-infinitive | night | careful property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | laugh | gerund | ways's hind legs to ways's big stumps of pickets not said here | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | ask speech: ask | past | plains drivers | the reason | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent reason=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/16/150/