The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 16, sentence 73
Petersen Sahib came in on his clever she-elephant Pudmini; he had been paying off other camps among the hills, for the season was coming to an end, and there was a native clerk sitting at a table under a tree, to pay the drivers their wages.
Who acts: Petersen, elephant, season, native clerk · What happens: come in, pay off, come, be, sit, pay · To what, where: other camps, end, table, drivers
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Petersen, elephant, season, native clerk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Petersen | Petersen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 came | nsubj |
| 2 | Sahib | Sahib | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Petersen | flat |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADV | _ | 3 came | advmod |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 elephant | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 elephant | nmod:poss |
| 7 | clever | clever | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 elephant | amod |
| 8 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 elephant | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 she | punct |
| 10 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 11 | Pudmini | Pudmini | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 elephant | appos |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 paying | punct |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 paying | nsubj |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 paying | aux |
| 15 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 paying | aux |
| 16 | paying | pay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 came | parataxis |
| 17 | off | off | ADP | _ | 16 paying | compound:prt |
| 18 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 camps | amod |
| 19 | camps | camp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 paying | obj |
| 20 | among | among | ADP | _ | 22 hills | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 hills | det |
| 22 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 paying | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 coming | punct |
| 24 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 28 coming | mark |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 season | det |
| 26 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 coming | nsubj |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 coming | aux |
| 28 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 paying | parataxis |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 end | case |
| 30 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 end | det |
| 31 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 coming | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 was | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 was | cc |
| 34 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 35 was | expl |
| 35 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | parataxis |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 clerk | det |
| 37 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 clerk | amod |
| 38 | clerk | clerk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 was | nsubj |
| 39 | sitting | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 38 clerk | acl |
| 40 | at | at | ADP | _ | 42 table | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 table | det |
| 42 | table | table | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 sitting | obl |
| 43 | under | under | ADP | _ | 45 tree | case |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 tree | det |
| 45 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 sitting | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 pay | punct |
| 47 | to | to | PART | _ | 48 pay | mark |
| 48 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 sitting | advcl |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 drivers | det |
| 50 | drivers | driver | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 pay | obj |
| 51 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 52 wages | nmod:poss |
| 52 | wages | wage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 pay | obj |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come in | past | Petersen | on Petersen's clever she elephant | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on elephant=Location | ||||
| 2 | pay off | past · perfect · progressive | elephant | other camps | among the hills | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent camp=Asset | |||
| 3 | come | past · progressive | the season | to a end | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to end=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | be | past | a native clerk | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | sit | gerund | a native clerk not said here | a table | under a tree | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at table=Location | |||
| 6 | pay | to-infinitive | a native clerk not said here | the drivers | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent driver=Recipient wage=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/16/73/