The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 45
“Ai!” he said, half aloud, his teeth chattering.
Who acts: mist, teeth · What happens: say, chatter · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mist, teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Ai | punct |
| 2 | Ai | ai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 said | ccomp |
| 3 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 2 Ai | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Ai | punct |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 said | nsubj |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 aloud | punct |
| 8 | half | half | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 9 aloud | advmod |
| 9 | aloud | aloud | ADV | _ | 6 said | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 teeth | punct |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 12 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 aloud | obl |
| 13 | chattering | chatter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 teeth | acl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | mist | aloud property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | chatter | gerund | mist's teeth not said here | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/45/