The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 17, sentence 88

It must have lasted fully two hours, and Little Toomai ached in every nerve, but he knew by the smell of the night air that the dawn was coming.

Who acts: Little Toomai, Toomai, dawn, night air · What happens: last, ache, know, come, smell · To what, where: booming, nerve, night air

This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Little Toomai, Toomai, dawn, night air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 lasted	nsubj:pass
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 lasted	aux
3	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 lasted	aux
4	lasted	last	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	fully	fully	ADV	_	6 two	advmod
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 hours	nummod
7	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lasted	obl:unmarked
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 ached	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 ached	cc
10	Little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 Toomai	amod
11	Toomai	Toomai	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 ached	nsubj
12	ached	ache	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 lasted	conj
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 nerve	case
14	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	15 nerve	det
15	nerve	nerve	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 ached	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 knew	punct
17	but	but	CCONJ	_	19 knew	cc
18	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 knew	nsubj
19	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 lasted	conj
20	by	by	ADP	_	22 smell	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 smell	det
22	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 knew	obl
23	of	of	ADP	_	26 air	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 air	det
25	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 air	compound
26	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 smell	nmod
27	that	that	SCONJ	_	31 coming	mark
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 dawn	det
29	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 coming	nsubj
30	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	31 coming	aux
31	coming	come	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	26 air	acl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 lasted	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	last	must · perfect · passive		booming		hour		vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value
2	ache	past	Little Toomai		every nerve			vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	know	past	Toomai				by the smell of the night air	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4	come	past · progressive	the dawn	the night air not said here				vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location air=Theme
5	smell		the night air					nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/17/88/