The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 18, sentence 23

Machua Appa had no need to look twice at the clearing to see what had been done there, or to scratch with his toe in the packed, rammed earth.

Who acts: Machua · What happens: have, look, see, do, scratch, pack · To what, where: need, packed earth · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Machua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Machua	Machua	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 had	nsubj
2	Appa	Appa	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Machua	flat
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 need	det
5	need	need	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 look	mark
7	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 need	acl
8	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	7 look	advmod
9	at	at	ADP	_	11 clearing	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 clearing	det
11	clearing	clearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 look	obl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 see	mark
13	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 look	advcl
14	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	17 done	obj
15	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 done	aux
16	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	17 done	aux:pass
17	done	do	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 see	ccomp
18	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	17 done	advmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 scratch	punct
20	or	or	CCONJ	_	22 scratch	cc
21	to	to	PART	_	22 scratch	mark
22	scratch	scratch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 had	conj
23	with	with	ADP	_	25 toe	case
24	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 toe	nmod:poss
25	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 scratch	obl
26	in	in	ADP	_	31 earth	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 earth	det
28	packed	pack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	31 earth	amod
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 rammed	punct
30	rammed	ram	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	28 packed	conj
31	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 scratch	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	past	Machua	no need			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent need=Patient
2	look	to-infinitive	Machua not said here	no need not said here		at the clearing; twice property	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at clearing=Theme
3	see	to-infinitive	Machua not said here				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4	do	past · perfect · passive			there		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: what=Eventuality
5	scratch	to-infinitive	Machua not said here		the packed earth	with Machua's toe	vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with toe=Instrument
6	pack	participle					vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
7	ram	participle					vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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