The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 19, sentence 175
I’ve heard what you fellows have been saying.
Who acts: I, you · What happens: hear, say · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | ’ve | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 heard | aux |
| 3 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 9 saying | obj |
| 5 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 saying | nsubj |
| 6 | fellows | fellow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 you | nmod:unmarked |
| 7 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 saying | aux |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 saying | aux |
| 9 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 heard | ccomp |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | present · perfect | I | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present · perfect · progressive | you | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/19/175/