The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 19, sentence 5

The gun-bullocks lay down together and began chewing the cud, but the young mule huddled close to Billy.

Who acts: gun bullocks, young mule · What happens: lay down, begin, chew, huddle · To what, where: cud

This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gun bullocks, young mule), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bullocks	det
2	gun	gun	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bullocks	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 gun	punct
4	bullocks	bullock	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lay	nsubj
5	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	down	down	ADV	_	5 lay	advmod
7	together	together	ADV	_	5 lay	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 began	cc
9	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 lay	conj
10	chewing	chew	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 began	xcomp
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 cud	det
12	cud	cud	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 chewing	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 huddled	punct
14	but	but	CCONJ	_	18 huddled	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 mule	det
16	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 mule	amod
17	mule	mule	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 huddled	nsubj
18	huddled	huddle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 lay	conj
19	close	close	ADV	Degree=Pos	18 huddled	advmod
20	to	to	ADP	_	21 Billy	case
21	Billy	Billy	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 close	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 lay	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	lay down	present	the gun bullocks		down, together property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	begin	past	the gun bullocks not said here			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	chew	gerund	the gun bullocks not said here	the cud		vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cud=Patient
4	huddle	participle	the young mule		close property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/19/5/