The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 2, sentence 78

Perhaps Ikki the Porcupine had told him; but he said to Mowgli when they were deep in the jungle, as the boy lay with his head on Bagheera’s beautiful black skin, “Little Brother, how often have I told thee that Shere Khan is thy enemy?”

Who acts: Ikki, wolves, boy, Shere · What happens: tell, say, be, lie · To what, where: Ikki, Porcupine, Mowgli, jungle, beautiful black skin, thee · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ikki, wolves, boy, Shere), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	6 told	advmod
2	Ikki	Ikki	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 told	nsubj:pass
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Porcupine	det
4	Porcupine	Porcupine	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 told	nsubj
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 told	aux
6	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 told	iobj
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 told	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 said	cc
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 said	nsubj
11	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 told	conj
12	to	to	ADP	_	13 Mowgli	case
13	Mowgli	Mowgli	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 said	obl
14	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	17 deep	advmod
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 deep	nsubj
16	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 deep	cop
17	deep	deep	ADV	_	11 said	advmod
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 jungle	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 jungle	det
20	jungle	jungle	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 deep	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 lay	punct
22	as	as	SCONJ	_	25 lay	mark
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 boy	det
24	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 lay	nsubj
25	lay	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 said	parataxis
26	with	with	ADP	_	28 head	case
27	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	28 head	nmod:poss
28	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 lay	obl
29	on	on	ADP	_	34 skin	case
30	Bagheera	Bagheera	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 skin	nmod:poss
31	’s	's	PART	_	30 Bagheera	case
32	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 skin	amod
33	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 skin	amod
34	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 lay	obl
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 told	punct
36	“	"	PUNCT	_	44 told	punct
37	Little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 Brother	amod
38	Brother	Brother	PROPN	Number=Sing	42 have	nsubj
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 have	punct
40	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	41 often	advmod
41	often	often	ADV	_	42 have	advmod
42	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	44 told	aux
43	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	44 told	nsubj
44	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	25 lay	conj
45	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	44 told	iobj
46	that	that	SCONJ	_	51 enemy	mark
47	Shere	Shere	PROPN	Number=Sing	51 enemy	nsubj
48	Khan	Khan	PROPN	Number=Sing	47 Shere	flat
49	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	51 enemy	cop
50	thy	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	51 enemy	nmod:poss
51	enemy	enemy	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 told	ccomp
52	?	?	PUNCT	_	51 enemy	punct
53	”	"	PUNCT	_	6 told	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	past · perfect · passive		Ikki	Porcupine		perhaps property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient he=Topic
2	say speech: ask	past	Ikki		Mowgli			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to mowgli=Recipient
3	is	past	wolves = wolf			the jungle	deep property	tree rules
4	lie	past	the boy			Bagheera's beautiful black skin	with boy's head	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on skin=Location
5	tell speech: assert in a quote	present · perfect	Ikki		thee			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient
6	is a in a quote	present	Shere	thy enemy				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/2/78/