The Jungle Book, The Jungle Book, part 20, sentence 58
“Seems to me,” said Billy to the troop horse, “that our friend Two Tails is afraid of most things.
Who acts: Billy, friend · What happens: seem, say, be · To what, where: Billy, troop horse · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Billy, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Seems | punct |
| 2 | Seems | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | ccomp |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 me | case |
| 4 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 Seems | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Seems | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Seems | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | Billy | Billy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | nsubj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 horse | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 horse | det |
| 11 | troop | troop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 horse | compound |
| 12 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 afraid | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 afraid | punct |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 afraid | mark |
| 16 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 friend | nmod:poss |
| 17 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 afraid | nsubj |
| 18 | Two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 friend | flat |
| 19 | Tails | tail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 friend | conj |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 afraid | cop |
| 21 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 said | parataxis |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 things | case |
| 23 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 24 things | amod |
| 24 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 afraid | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seem in a quote | present | Billy | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Billy | the troop horse | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to horse=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | our friend and Tails | of most things; afraid property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jungle Book» by Rudyard Kipling, Project Gutenberg book 236 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg236/20/58/